The health status of Roma women and their participation in prevention programs ZORA and DORA
Povzetek: Prispevek povzema najpomembnejše ugotovitve raziskave s področja zdravja romskih žensk v Pomurju, ki je bila del kontrolirane interventne raziskave (1). Vloga ženske v romski skupnosti je pomembna in žal pogosto premalo upoštevana pri načrtovanju zdravstveno-vzgojnih aktivnosti v tej skupnosti. Rominje v Pomurju so najpogosteje navajale, da imajo težave z bolečinami v križu in obolenji gibal (50,6 %), sledila so depresija (31,7 %) in z 28,6 % kronična pljučna obolenja. Na področju reproduktivnega zdravja nas je zanimala udeležba v nacionalnih preventivnih programih zgodnjega odkrivanja predrakavih sprememb materničnega vratu (ZORA) in v programu presejanje za raka dojke (DORA). Mlajše in bolj izobražene Rominje so pogosteje kot zelo pomembno za njihovo zdravje ocenile sodelovanje v preventivnem programu ZORA. 83,4 % Rominj se je že udeležilo programa ZORA. Nismo pa potrdili vpliva izobrazbe ali starosti na potrebo po opravljanju mamografije ali odvzema brisa (PAP test) materničnega vratu. Mamografijo je doslej opravilo 17,5 % Rominj. Mlajše(p = 0,005) in bolj izobražene Rominje (p = 0,016) se statistično značilneje zavedajo pomena odvzema brisa materničnega vratu za njihovo zdravje. 94,1 % jih ima svojega izbranega zdravnika, s katerim so v veliki meri zadovoljne.
Ključne besede: Rominje, zdravje, obolenja, test PAP, mamografija.
Abstract: This article summarizes the main findings at the research of health of Roma women in Pomurje. The research was part of a controlled interventional studye. The role of women in the Roma community is important and, unfortunately, often too little taken into account when designing health-education activities in the community. Roma women in Prekmurje most commonly reported to have problems with back pain and musculoskeletal diseases (50.6%), followed by depression (31.7%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (28.6%). In the area of reproductive health, we were interested in participation in national prevention programs DORA and ZORA. Younger and more educated Roma women assess more often like very important for their healt the cooperation in the preventive program of early detection of pre-cancerous changes of the cervix (ZORA). 83.4% of Roma women have already participated in the program ZORA. However, we have confirmed that education and age does not have any impact on the need to perform mammography or smear test of the cervix. Mammography have so far carried out 17.5% of Roma women. Younger (p = 0.005) and more educated Roma women (p = 0.016), have statistically typically higher awarnes of the importance of cervical smear test for their health. 94.1% of them have a chosen family doctor, whit hom they are largely satisfied.
Keywords: Roma women, health, diseases, PAP test, mammography.